Allié de Scipion dans la guerre menée en Afrique du Nord par Rome contre Carthage et Hannibal. At the same time, the Romans tried to conquer Hispania, which was defended by Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal. Les sources relatent un Massinissa et un Syphax « vassaux » aux Carthaginois ou aux Romains, mais ces deux derniers se rendirent à Siga pour chercher alliance, et Rome prouva sa faiblesse durant le siège de Carthage (146-149 av. He was trained and led an army at the age of 17 to defeat one of Rome's allies in Africa, the King of Syphax and his Algerian empire. The panicked Carthaginians felt that they had no alternative but to offer peace to Scipio, and having the authority to do so, Scipio granted peace on generous terms. His reign was to last more than half a century. Scipio knew that elephants could be ordered to charge forward, but they could only continue their charge in a straight line. By this time, Hasdrubal was trying to bring reinforcements to his brother in Italy (in vain), and the Carthaginian army, under new leaders, was slowly forced back to Andalusia. [5] The Senate initially opposed this ambitious design of Scipio, persuaded by Quintus Fabius Maximus that the enterprise was far too hazardous. Scipio deployed his army in three lines: the first was composed of the hastati, the second of principes and the third of the triarii. La victoire de Rome et de Massinissa sur Carthage et les Massaesyle se confirme en 202 av. Pétrarque mentionne brièvement Sophonisbe et Massinissa dans son épopée en latin Africa (livre V, v. 1-773). In the meantime, Hannibal had arrived on the scene, but on 19 October 202, Scipio defeated the Carthaginian general near Zama. Hannibal still had many enemies both inside and outside of Carthage. Le point final de cet affrontement est Zama en -202 av JC, où les Carthaginois d'Hannibal seront renversés par les Numides de Massinissa et les Romains de Scipion. His reign was to last more than half a century. [7]:96 He was later authorized to employ the regular forces stationed in Sicily, which consisted mainly of the remnants of the 5th and 6th Legion, exiled to the island as a punishment for the humiliation they suffered at the Battle of Cannae. Massinissa, roi numide. He left his kingdom to his three sons Micipsa, Gulussa, and Mastanabal.note[Appian, Punic Wars 106.]. Massinissa se relève et, à pied, s’élance vers Hannibal, à travers une grêle de traits, qu’il reçoit sur son bouclier en peau d’éléphant. Hannibal était en guerre contre Rome uniquement et il tenait à ce qu’on le sache. Although many people were living in large villages that would eventually develop into cities, another part of the Numidian population was still roaming over the plains. In the battle on the great plains, Syphax and the Carthaginian commander Hasdrubal, son of Gesco, were defeated, and while the Roman general concentrated on Carthage, Massinissa followed Syphax to Cirta, where he took him prisoner. This would have allowed him to complete a victory with his reserves in the third line and overlap Scipio's lines. Quelques-uns parviennent à fuir et Hannibal ne tarde pas à les rattraper, à les faire prisonniers, enchaînant les Romains et relâchant leurs alliés. Carthage now also incurred a war against the Romans. Massinissa was still able to assist a first Roman expedition to Africa, commanded by Scipio's deputy Laelius - together they looted the camp of Syphax - but in the end, Massinissa lost his position, and when Scipio finally made his appearance in Africa in 203, the Numidian could offer only 200 cavalry. Due to pressure from both Rome and domestic political rivals, Hannibal voluntarily stepped down from power and went into exile. The Romans failed to defeat him in the field and he remained in Italy, but following Scipio's decisive victory at the Battle of Ilipa in Spain in 206 BC, Iberia had been secured by the Romans. L’alliance ente Massinissa et Scipion à Zama (l’actuelle Souk-Ahras, en Algérie), 202 avant J.C, contre Hannibal, s’inscrit dans le cadre des guerres puniques , entre Carthage et Rome. At the same time, the Carthaginians recalled Hannibal's army from Italy. Scipio lost 4,000–5,000 men, and 1,500–2,500 Romans and 2,500 Numidians were killed. Hannibal waited for Scipio to attack. Durant la Deuxième Guerre punique, Rome cherche à se faire des alliés en Afrique du Nord tandis que Syphax, roi des Massæssyles en Numidie occidentale, revendique les territoires de la Numidie orientale, dirigée par Gaïa, roi des Massyles. A Roman army led by Publius Cornelius Scipio, with crucial support from Numidian leader Masinissa, defeated the Carthaginian army led by Hannibal. Under the treaty, Carthage could keep its African territory but would lose its overseas empire, by that time a fait-accompli. Il arrache un des javelots et vise Hannibal qu'il manque encore. In this period, he developed the country economically. The panicked elephants turn on the Carthaginian left wing and rampage through it. Cities multiplied and continued to grow, trade benefited, agriculture was intensified. These were the years of the Second Punic War (218-202), in which Hannibal was fighting in Italy against the Romans. Aboyer urbi et orbi que « MASSINISSA était le chien des romains », ce grand guerrier, rassembleur du pays numide, est une atteinte à notre Histoire commune, sauf pour celle qui, pour des motifs bassement racistes, en a arraché toutes les pages antérieures à la conquête arabe…Et qui s’étonne aujourd’hui d’être persona non grata en Kabylie. Peu après celle-ci, le sénat carthaginois signa un traité de paix qui mit fin à 18 ans de guerre. Immediately, the Romans, who learned from it from an envoy of Massinissa, investigated the case, and they tried to strike a compromise. Unable to field a viable force in open combat and abandoned by all of their Punic allies, the Carthaginians commenced a spirited defense of their home city which, after an extended siege, was captured and completely destroyed in 146 BC. Hannibal begins the battle with his war elephants charging at Roman front. Après cette bataille, Massinissa vécut encore de nombreuses années et récupéra de nombreuses autres … [12] Hannibal intentionally held back his third infantry line, in order to thwart Scipio's tendency to pin the Carthaginian center and envelop his opponent's lines, as he had done at the Battle of Ilipa. Thugga became a new royal residence. [7]:119, Scipio continued to reinforce his troops with local defectors. He came up with an ingenious plan to deal with them. The treaty bankrupted Carthage and destroyed any chance of its being a military power in the future. Hannibal, Massinissa, Jugurtha -adnan zmerli L'auteur nous livre ses réflexions sur trois grandes figures dont le destin se joua à l'échelle du bassin occidental pour la première, Hannibal le Punique, et dans le cadre de la Tunisie et du Constantinois actuels pour les deux autres, Massinissa et Jugurtha, souverains numides de légende et d'histoiresoyons assuré qu un vaste public appréciera la curiosité intellectuelle … About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. This was due in part to his raising of a new cavalry regiment in Sicily and careful courting of Masinissa as an ally. [16], Scipio now marched with his center towards the Carthaginian center, which was under the direct command of Hannibal. J.-.C). The greatest concern for Scipio was the elephants. In total, as many as 20,000 of Hannibal's troops were killed at Zama, while 20,000 more were taken prisoner. [6]:271 He landed at Utica and defeated the Carthaginian army at the Battle of the Great Plains in 203 BC. En 211 av. Il arrache un des javelots et vise Hannibal qu'il manque encore. Though they fought with some success early on, the Carthaginians simply could not defeat the by-then very aged Masinissa once the armies of his Roman allies arrived in Africa. In 205 BC Scipio returned to Rome, where he was elected consul by unanimous vote. [8] Meanwhile, the Carthaginians breached the armistice agreement by capturing a stranded Roman fleet in the Gulf of Tunis and stripping it of supplies. The positive tone of our sources is essentially based on Polybius' portrait. In 179, Numidia produced a surplus, and Massinissa could present himself as the benefactor of the Greek island of Delos, which gave him credentials in the Greek-Roman world as leader of a civilized nation. J.-C.). Their presence is widely discounted as Roman propaganda, although T. Dorey suggests that there may be a grain of truth here if the Carthaginians recruited a trivial and unofficial number of mercenaries from Macedonia.[13]. Scipio returned to Rome a hero and was almost immediately granted a Triumph by the senate. Hannibal pare un javelot avec son bouclier et abat le cheval de son adversaire. At the start of the Second Punic War, Masinissa fought for Carthage against Syphax, the king of the Masaesyli of western Numidia (present day Algeria), who had allied himself with the Romans. The Massylian prince had good reasons to conclude this deal, because in the meantime, his father had died, and the kingdom had been taken over by his brother Oezalces. Hannibal s'allia à Vermina, le fils et successeur de Syphax et, ensemble, ils envahirent le royaume des Massyles. The Romans could help Massinissa become king. Trissino (dit le Trissin) est l’auteur d’une Sophonisbe (Sofonisba, vers 1515) imitée des tragédies grecques et considérée comme la première tragédie classique italienne. All rights reserved. He was betrothed to the da… Meanwhile, the two competing Massylian factions were easy victims for another enemy, king Syphax of the Masaeisylians. In 146, the city was sacked. Crossing the Alps, Hannibal reached the Italian peninsula in 218 BC and won several major victories against the Roman armies. Scipio refused, saying that it was either unconditional surrender or battle. In 184BC, facing imminent capture, Hannibal chose suicide instead. La bataille de Zama fut, en 202 avant l'ère chrétienne, un affrontement décisif de la deuxième guerre punique. Meanwhile, the rest of the elephants were carefully lured through the lanes and funneled to the rear of the Roman army, where they were dealt with. Only 55,000 of the city’s inhabitants survived, almost all of whom were sold into slavery by the Romans. [14] He believed that if he opened gaps in his troops, the elephants would simply pass between them without harming any of his soldiers. Le 25 mai , les troupes de l’armée française occupèrent la ville de Souk Ahras en deux campagnes. [9] Livy states that Hannibal deployed 4,000 Macedonians in the second line. Hannibal had 36,000 infantry to Scipio's 29,000. [10], Hannibal's army consisted of 36,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry and 80 war elephants, while Scipio had a total of 29,000 infantry and 6,100 cavalry. In 154, Carthage decided to strike back, and began to build an army. Massinissa se relève et, à pied, s'élance vers Hannibal, à travers une grêle de traits, qu'il reçoit sur son bouclier en peau d'éléphant. At the outset of the battle, Hannibal unleashed his elephants and skirmishers against the Roman troops in order to break the cohesion of their lines and exploit the breaches that could be opened. Massinissa was the king of the Massylii, and later the first king of united Numidia. After defeating Carthaginian and Numidian armies at the battles of Utica and the Great Plains, Scipio imposed peace terms on the Carthaginians, … Il arrache un des javelots et vise Hannibal qu'il manque encore. Hannibal's first line of mercenaries attacked Scipio's infantry and were defeated. The Roman and Numidian cavalry subsequently defeated the Carthaginian cavalry and chased them from the battlefield. In 212, when he was almost thirty years old, he served as commander of a Numidian cavalry unit in the Carthaginian army in Iberia. With this reinforcement the Roman front renewed their attack and defeated Hannibal's second line. Massinissa was the son of king Gala (or Gaïa) of the Massylians, and was educated in Carthage - a kind way to say that he was in fact a hostage. In 206, they were decisively defeated near Ilipa, and Scipio proceeded to capture the last Carthaginian strongholds. Once the Carthaginian cavalry was far enough away, they turned and attacked the Roman cavalry but were eventually routed. Scipio and his supporters eventually convinced the Senate to ratify the plan, and Scipio was given the requisite authority to attempt the invasion. Scipio's soldiers avoided the elephants by opening their ranks and drove them off with missiles. This also gave an edge in turn to Scipio, who relied greatly on his Roman heavy cavalry and Numidian light cavalry. However, the Romans were able to reorganize their army, which was commanded by Publius Cornelius Scipio, the son of the man who had been defeated by Hasdrubal. Hannibal and the Carthaginians had relied on cavalry superiority in previous battles such as Cannae, but Scipio, recognizing their importance, held the cavalry advantage at Zama. By then, Carthaginian power was a shadow of its former self. Massinissa se relève et, à pied, s'élance vers Hannibal, à travers une grêle de traits, qu'il reçoit sur son bouclier en peau d'éléphant. The Carthaginians lost 20,000–25,000 killed and 8,500–20,000 captured. The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War. He now married her, and when Scipio showed interest in this woman, who was a fierce Carthaginian patriot, Massinissa decided to poison her. When Massinissa was born, Numidia (more or less the north of modern Algeria) was a country on the edge of the urbanized world of the Mediterranean. Laelius, the commander of the Roman left wing, charged against the Carthaginian right. Hannibal moved forward with two lines; the third line of veterans was kept in reserve. Hannibal also employed 80 war elephants. Carthaginian cavalry carried out Hannibal's instructions well and there was no sign of Roman cavalry on the battlefield. Confident in Hannibal's forces, the Carthaginians broke the armistice with Rome. Massinissa et Scipion les rejoignirent à Zama (l'actuelle Souk Ahras, en Algérie) et une grande bataille s'engagea (202 av. Massinissa (238-148 av. Massinissa died in 148, shortly after the Roman invasion. Massinissa's cavalry played an important role in this battle. For the rest of his life, he traveled across the Mediterranean, offering his service to any polity waging war against Rome. J.-C., quand les troupes d’Hannibal Barca et Vermina, le fils et successeur de Syphax, sont vaincues dans la bataille de Zama. Soon after Scipio's victory at Zama the war ended, with the Carthaginian senate suing for peace. [9] Scipio, now powerful enough, proposed to end the war by directly invading the Carthaginian homeland. Massinissa s’est allié à Rome , pour contenir les ambitions expansionnistes de Carthage , sur son royaume de Numidie . Among the captives was also Syphax's wife Sophonisba (daughter of Hasdrubal), with whom Massinissa had once been engaged. At this moment, Massinissa must have understood that Rome was to win the war. Massinissa was rewarded with the throne of all Numidia. The battle took place at Zama Regia, near Siliana 130 km southwest of Tunis. The combat was fierce and evenly matched. Scipio led a pre-Marian Roman army quincunx, along with a body of Numidian cavalry.
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